Fisheries and aquaculture is a sunrise sector supporting the nutritional needs, livelihood issues and employment generation among fishers and other stakeholders. Reducing the post-harvest losses becomes vital after considering the causes and stages at which it appears. A pilot survey was carried out in the Ludhiana fish market with respect to fish post-harvest losses. It was observed that the fish sellers were not using the fish waste (non-edible part) after selling the edible portion of fish. Throughout these process, a significant quantity of waste (45-65% depending upon different type of fish, level of processing or desirable part needed for consumption) is generated. It was advocated to use of these generated wastes
as an organic fertilizer, fish silage and production of other by-products. Strengthening the cold chain was one of the key prospects for post-harvest loss. During COVID-19 pandemic,  fishermen were not going for fishing moreover, culture based stocking is almost nil in many parts due to lack of supply of required quality and quantity of fish seed to the fish farmer which certainly will lead to fish production quite below the target. In view of this, minimization of post-harvest losses can play an important role to meet the supply of fishery products to consumers and enhance fish nutritional food security.

Inland aquaculture enterprise of Belagavi is carp dominated with an average annual production of 6000MT.  However, inbreeding depression of major carps and lack of diversity of culture species limiting the growth of the sector. ICAR-BIRDS Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Belagavi has introduced Amur Common carp – a potential strain developed through selective breeding of both exotic and indigenous strains of Common carp at Fisheries Research and Information Centre, Hesaraghatta, Bangalore. Very characteristic feature of Amur Common carp is delayed maturity (8m). Longer maturity period gives sufficient time for body growth. Local Common carp basically attains early maturity (5m) and prolific breeding nature eventually leads to very slower somatic growth. Front line demonstration conducted on comparative growth analysis of Amur common carp v/s local common carp in different water bodies such as earthen ponds, HDPE  lined ponds and cement tanks. The demonstrations were carried out for 3 yr during 2012-13 to 2014-15. A total of 15 demonstrations were conducted in 6 villages in the district. Given 9 months for culture period, it was observed that Amur common carp has attained an average size of 820g compared to local common carp (460g) in mono and polyculture. Comparative study of growth analysis in different types of water bodies, both species have performed 10-15 per cent better in earthen ponds compared to HDPE lined and cement tanks due to the availability good quality detritus. Farmers were very much convinced about the Amur which yielded 42 per cent higher than local common carp. Till 2019-20, through training and various  extension activities KVK has popularized the Amur strains and also solved the problem of non-availability of seeds by sensitizing the state department of fisheries and regional fisheries research stations. More than 200 farmers have started farming which was the indication of horizontal expansion of technology.

Aquatic fern, Azolla is an under exploited multi utility resource, offering socio-economic and environmental benefits in different forms (fresh, dry and compost). It could serve as a potential manure or fertilizer and quality feed stuff for efficient nutrient recycling in agriculture, livestock, poultry and aquaculture sectors, consequentially curtailing input cost and enhancing farm output for higher economic returns. Its role as bio-fertilizer in paddy fields is well known. As manure it improves soil health by adding nutrients (N, P and
K), carbon and organic matter into the soil. Unlike traditional mulching materials, Azolla provide additional moisture to the soil, besides conserving soil moisture and checking weed growth in orchards and vegetable fields. Further, it serves as a low cost protein rich feed resource for animals like cattle, pigs, goat, poultry, ducks and fish for improved health and increased production of milk, eggs and meat. Known for its historic role in cooling down the earth about 50 million years ago by carbon dioxide sequestering, Azolla needs to be exploited by the farming community in such a way that it is cultivated and utilised in maximum possible forms without much cost, labour and extra land requirement for socio-economic and environmental benefits.

Inland aquaculture enterprise of Belagavi is carp dominated with an average annual production of 6000MT. However, inbreeding depression of major carps and lack of diversity of culture species limiting the growth of the sector. ICAR-BIRDS Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Belagavi has introduced Amur Common carp – a potential strain developed through selective breeding of both exotic and indigenous strains of Common carp at Fisheries Research and Information Centre, Hesaraghatta, Bangalore. Very characteristic feature of Amur Common carp is delayed maturity (8m). Longer maturity period gives sufficient time for body growth. Local Common carp basically attains early maturity (5m) and prolific breeding nature eventually leads to very slower somatic growth. Front line demonstration conducted on comparative growth analysis of Amur common carp v/s local common carp in different water bodies such as earthen ponds, HDPE lined ponds and cement tanks. The demonstrations were carried out for 3 yr during 2012-13 to 2014-15. A total of 15 demonstrations were conducted in 6 villages in the district. Given 9 months for culture period, it was observed that Amur common carp has attained an average size of 820g compared to local common
carp (460g) in mono and polyculture. Comparative study of growth analysis in different types of water bodies, both species have performed 10-15 per cent better in earthen ponds compared to HDPE lined and cement tanks due to the availability good quality detritus. Farmers were very much convinced about the Amur which yielded 42 per cent higher than local common carp. Till 2019-20, through training and various extension activities KVK has popularized the Amur strains and also solved the problem of non-availability of seeds by sensitizing the state department of fisheries and regional fisheries research stations. More than 200 farmers have started farming which was the indication of horizontal expansion of technology.

Hydrolytic breakdown of fish proteins by fermentation process was applied for utilizing low value fish in preparation of bioactive materials. In the present investigation, fermented anchovy (Stolephorus indicus)  fish sauce was prepared and its bioactivity including antihypertensive and antioxidant activities was assessed as a function of protein concentration. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash content of anchovy sauce were 68.32±0.95, 16.44±0.60, 1.23±0.04 and 14.52±0.94 per cent, respectively. The pH and NaCl content were 5.58±0.03 and 24.75±0.33 per cent, respectively. ACE inhibitory activity of anchovy sauce increased significantly with protein concentration (p<0.05) and was stable during storage at ambient and refrigerated temperature. DPPH radical scavenging activity of sauce samples decreased with increase in the protein concentration whereas ferric reducing antioxidant power and lipid peroxidation inhibition in linoleic acid model system in fish sauce significantly increased with increasing protein concentration (p<0.05). In vitro significance of fish sauce which is a natural source of bioactive peptides with desirable properties against oxidation and hypertension has been demonstrated which may be beneficial for consumers and processors from economical and health point of view.

Beels come under the wetlands and are one of the most productive environments in the world. Beels of Assam are storehouse of nutrients and supports a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Due to natural and man-made factors this most productive environment is presently under threats of loss of its many valuable indigenous flora and fauna along with reduction of its original geography. During the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the status of flora and fauna of the Pahupuri beel of Central Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam. Out of the total revenue area 38.0 hectare, presently 35.8 per cent is reduced due to encroachment. The study showed that, 25 per cent of the different plants were in under anthropogenic threat in the beel. Similarly, 25 per cent fish species and 44 per cent birds were also facing anthropogenic threat. Moreover, the endangered level of flora and fauna of the beel was also found at an alarming state. There is a need of enactment of wetland act and enforcement of existing wild life act in letter of spirit.

An experiment was conducted to breeding and fingerling production of Common carp in recirculatory system for water optimization from May to July, 2019 in fish hatchery of ICAR-DCFR, Bhimtal,Uttarakhand. The recirculatory system with triplicates was used. The system comprised the FRP tank having dimension 1.5×1.0×1.0m for breeding and rearing of common carp. Two females and four males brooder were stocked in each recirculatory system. After seven days Ovatide hormone was given at 0.3ml/kg for female and 0.1ml/kg for male intramuscularly in a single dose. Hydrilla was spread over the tank. After 10 hr, females and males oozed eggs and milts, respectively and hatching started after 72 hr. All hatchlings were kept in the same tank. Yolk sac was absorbed after 76 hr. Daily 10 percent of water was exchanged in the morning and evening. Fertilization and hatching rate  ercentage were 79.93 and 59.79, respectively. The survival rate of hatchlings to yolk sac absorption stage was 53.56percent. The survival rate of fingerlings after 90d was 81.11percent. Water quality parameters viz.,average temperature, pH, DO, Free CO2 , Alkalinity, Hardness and Ammonia -nitrogen were 20.2°C, 7.45, 7.29 mg/l, 4.11 mg/l, 97.64 mg/ l, 198.25 mg/ l and 0.068 mg/l, respectively. Common carp culture is popular in India but a shortage of water is the foremost constraint for seed production. The dependence of water in
seed production can be decreased by water optimizing with recirculatory system for seed production. The water recirculatory system may help to reduce water footprint in seed production of common carp.

The Department of Fisheries, West Bengal is involved in orienting towards the increase in farmers’ income  by increasing fish production. This effort becomes ineffective without the knowledge of marketing. Accordingly, this study was conducted in Nadia district, West Bengal to assess the capability of the officials in order to establish market-led extension approaches in the study area. In the present study, the training needs and knowledge levels of fisheries officers working in the state department of fisheries were assessed. The training need index was found to be highest for food safety and quality standards and it was least for institutional aspects in fish marketing. Knowledge level assessment of the officers revealed  that the officers had comparatively better knowledge on the areas of alternative marketing methods, institutional aspects and supply chain aspects in fish marketing whereas lacks knowledge on the areas of infrastructure management, marketing information and food safety and quality aspects in fish marketing. In the present scenario, where the government is envisioning for establishing dynamic fish marketing system; capacity building and training of the officers are the two key aspects on which focus should be the foremost so that the officers can cope up with the pace of change and move towards developing a fisheries led market extension system.

The study was undertaken to identify potential scope for aquaculture in North Eastern state Tripura as most of the water resources are unutilised or underutilised. To provide an overall picture of the potential strengths (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O) and threats (T) in aquaculture, SWOT analysis with the participation of farmers carried out for the state. The study also identified the major constraints in developing marketing of fishes and consumer satisfaction. To analyse the constraint faced by the fish consumer, rank based quotient were used. Constraints faced by the consumer were price level and fluctuation (87) followed by availability of fish (76), lack of fresh fish (69), non-availability of preferred fish (67), marketing hygiene (60) etc. Different constraints faced by the marketing functionaries were ranked by using Garrett ranking technique. Major constraint faced by the marketing functionaries of the state are high level of involvement of middlemen followed by high marketing cost, storage facilities and fluctuation in price etc. The study has suggested several measures to be undertaken for overall development of aquaculture sector in the state.

The declining trend in land holding per capita poses a serious challenge to the sustainability and profitability of farming. Considering the efficacy of this viable production system, the study was carried out purposively in a farm regarding the farm income through adopting integrated farming system in Bwigriguri village under Udalguri subdivision of district Udalguri during 2019-20. The study revealed that the integrated farming system could address the issues of sustainability, livelihood security and income generation effectively.

Drive-in-nets was a mobile impounding net where the technique of fishing was by driving the fish into the stationary gears by scare lines. These gears were readily operated on the banks of river Brahmaputra and were locally known as sonejal in Assam.The gear was comprised of a bamboo framed lift net (pahjal) where the capture was affected by the process of confining fish driven by a scare line (rosi). The net was made of polyamide multifilament webbing having mesh size of 7-10 mm. The scare line measured 41-135 m in length and was either made of old discarded drag nets of polyamide multifilament material twisted into a line or by a single Polyethylene rope attached alternately with pieces of tortoise or buffalo bones and bricks. A tickling sound by these bones and bricks when dragged over the bottom drove the fishes over the stationary gear. The catch was mainly comprised of small sized fishes viz., Eutropi ichthys vacha(32%), Clupiso magarua (24%),Cabdio morar (13%), Opsarius spp. (10%), Devario spp. (7%),Rasbora spp (6%),Esomus danrica (4%) and riverine prawn (4%), with a catch per unit effort of 1.2-3.4 kg/hr/gear. Drive-in-net was an active gear operated during day period of time, preferably in the winter season (November-March) and had a life span of 22-23 yr. The gear was cost effective, environment friendly and can be efficiently operated by 3-4 persons for securing food from the river.

Quality fish seed availability in right time is the major constraint for the development of aquaculture in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh. Captive nursery rearing of fish seed Indian Major Carps Catla (Catlacatla), Rohu (Labeorohita) and Mrigala (Cirrhinusmrigala)up to fry stage in net cages was studied to know the effect of water quality parameters especially hardness and ammonia concentration on survival at 20 locations by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Srikakulam. Three to five day old spawn stage fish seed was released at the rate of 1, 50,000 numbers in each cage. It was observed that highest survival 38 per cent and lowest 25.33 per cent, where the hardness and ammonia concentrations were in suboptimal range. The average survival rate and net profits observed were 32.18±3.83 per cent and Rs.9331/-, respectively. Based on the above results it is recommended that, nursery rearing of fish seed is a remunerative, reduces losses during transportation and assures the quality fish seed in required quantity.

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of periphyton assemblage on water quality parameters and growth performances of Jayanti Rohu and Amur common carp in the aquaculture system. During the study, all water quality parameters were within the limits suitable for fish production. There was slight variation in water temperature during the entire study period and the mean values ranged from 24.03 ± 0.96 °C, 24.60 ± 0.76 °C and 25.10 ± 0.70 °C in T0, Tl and T2 respectively. The average pH and transparencies values were
7.45 cm and 23.85 cm in T0, 7.42 cm and 23.58 cm in Tl, and 7.54 cm and 22.64 cm in T2, respectively. The chlorophyll-a content of water did not show any significant (p<0.05) difference among the treatments. The mean values were 98.62 ppm, 95.35 ppmand 94.85 ppmin treatments T0, Tl and T2 respectively. The average initial weights of Jayanti Rohu and Amur Carp were 20.27± 0.45 g, 14.61 ± 1.18 g; 11.48 ± 0.11 g and 11.72 ± 0.65 g; 14.53 ± 1.72 g and 14.08 ± 3.37 g in T0, T1 and T2, respectively. At the end of 120 days of experimental study, the average final body weight of Jayanti Rohu was 84.49 ± 1.38 g, 81.92 ± 1.58 g and 96.69 ± 2.42 g observed in T0, T1 and T2 respectively whereas the average final body weight of Amur Carp observed was 56.93± 1.64, 53.98 ± 1.35 and 60.01 ± 1.94 in T0, T1 and T2 respectively.

An experiment on effect of mineral mixture-based diet on growth and survival of Cyprinus carpio fingerlings was conducted for 90 d. Experiment was designed in circular FRP tanks in three treatments as control, T1 and T2 having 40 fingerlings in each tank. A formulated feed with fish meal (10%), rice bran (40%), mustard oil cake (25%) and soyabean oil cake (25%) was fortified with 0.5 and 1 percent mineral mixture (AgriminForte) in treatment T1 and T2 respectively. Physico-chemical parameters were observed fortnightly fluctuated within the optimum ranges and were unaffected by mineral mixture application. After 90 d, highest weight was recorded in T1 (26.94g) followed by T2 (25.35g) and control (23.20g) with survival rate of 90.0, 87.5 and 92.5 percent, respectively. The result revealed that minerals do play important role in better growth performance and may add significant values for better culture practice in common carp. Hence, mineral mixture-based diet would be a low input aquaculture practice, relevant for small and marginal farmers.

The present study was taken to assess the impact of pond age and water quality on the primary productivity of an ecosystem. Three stocking ponds A, B and C were selected for a period of three months from September to November, 2016 from the Instructional Fish Farm of College of Fisheries, Pantnagar on the basis of their age and last renovation. The different physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were analyzed and found in optimum range during the study period. Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and Community Respiration (CR) were analyzed for the estimation of primary productivity.The value of GPP (mg C/m3/h), NPP (mg C/m3/h) and CR (mg C/m3/h) of pond A ranged between67.12 to 81.17, 45.30 to 57.81 and 21.82 to 23.36 respectively. The value of GPP, NPP and CR of pondB ranged between 94.43 to 109.74, 69.98 to 80.88 and 24.45 to 28.86, respectively. The value of GPP,NPP and CR of pond C ranged between 64.89 to 67.60, 40.86 to 41.45 and 24.03 to 26.15 respectively. The results suggested that pond B had better primary productivity followed by pond A and pond C.

In the present study, performance of microparticulate diets supplemented with exogenous dietary digestive enzyme mix was compared with live feed Artemia nauplii for the feeding of golden mahseer larvae after15d of yolk sac absorption. One thousand five hundred golden mahseer larvae were randomly distributed in five treatment groups (100 larvae per tank) following a completely randomized design. Larvae were manually fed either Artemia nauplii or macerated goat liver or microparticulate diets supplemented with exogenous dietary digestive enzyme mix at different levels (0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg diet). After 60 d of feeding, no significant (P?0.05) difference was noticed in the survival of golden mahseer larvae fed with different diets. However, there was significant (P?0.05) effect of different dietary treatments on the weight gain and specific growth rate. The highest weight gain and specific growth rate was observed in the Artemia nauplii fed group followed by microparticulate diet containing digestive enzyme mix of 2.0 g/kg diet. The weight gain of larvae fed the microparticulate diet supplemented with digestive enzyme mix of 2.0 g/kg diet was almost 80.4 per cent of that achieved for larvae fed Artemia nauplii. The lowest weight gain per cent and specific growth rate was evidenced in the group fed with macerated goat liver. Based on the results of the present study, the microparticulate diet supplemented with exogenous dietary digestive enzyme mix (2.0 g/ kg diet) can be an alternative for the feeding of golden mahseer larvae after 15 days of yolk sac absorption.

Feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and survival of 7-d post-hatch (dph)  Osteobrama belangeri larvae on four different allochthonous feeds namely; a simple mixture of mustard oil cake and rice bran (1:1; D1), a multiple ingredient-based compound feed (D2) of rice bran, mustard oil cake, soybean meal, fishmeal and, vitamins and minerals (3.5:2:2:2:0.5, D2); crushed fresh Wolffia globosa (D3) and dry meal of W. globosa (D4). The trial was conducted for 21 days in clearwater system inside a wet laboratory. The 7-d old O. belangeri larvae (mean weight 2.0±0.04 mg; mean length 5.50±0.50 mm) were stocked @120 numbers in glass aquariums (60 cm×30 cm×30 cm) filled with 40 L conditioned groundwater and provided with continuous aeration. Larvae were fed three times a day (8.00 AM, 12.00 PM and 4.00PM) at combined feeding rate @100%-200% of their biomass (dry matter basis) by offering 1/3 of daily ration on each occasion. The final mean weight, final mean length and specific growth rate of O. belangeri were significantly highest (p<0.001) for D2 (73.70±1.53 mg and 12.83±0.44 mm) followed by those of D1 (53.37±3.07 mg and 11.67±0.17 mm), D4 (46.03±2.11 mg and 10.17±0.33 mm) and D3 (27.87±0.58
mg and 9.83±0.44 mm), in order. Survival of O. belangeri varied between 30-62% but no significant differences (P>0.05) were established between treatments. The results of the present study indicated that 7-dph O. belangeri larvae could utilise dry meal of Wolffia as a single-ingredient feed in clearwater system.

On farm trial on growth performance of Amur common carp i.e, Hungarian strain of common carp in composite fish culture system was conducted for the first time in Barak Valley Zone of Assam. The trial was conducted in eight numbers of ponds of total 3.56 ha area for twelve months period. Water quality parameters of cultured pond were observed in monthly intervals. Water temperature was found in the range of 16 to 34°C, pH was maintained in the optimum range of 7.0 to 7.5 and dissolve oxygen was found between 5.2 to 5.8 mg/l. After twelve months of culture, mean length and weight of Amur common carp was found 30.5 cm and 1010 g compared to 27 cm and 920 g of local common carp.

The present study was conducted on some stretches of Kosi River in Supaul, Bihar. It is an important tributary of the Ganga river system and serves as a basis of livelihood and employment for many surrounding fishing communities. Despite of its fisheries and agricultural importance, studies concerning the ichthyofaunal diversity, eco-fishery status and ecology are limited. The present communication deals with ichthyofaunal diversity in this river. The fish fauna of this stretch of Kosi River is comprised of 25 species, which belongs to 8 families. Wanton fishing methods such as fish poisoning, uses of restricted fishing gear and small mesh sized fishing net were also observed.

Present study revealed the cause of mass mortality of fishes and color variations of micro algal bloom observed in fresh water pond of Udayathumvathil Sreekrishna Swami Temple, Cochin, Kerala. Monitoring of water quality and phytoplankton abundance was carried out from selected stations during the period of study. Water quality parameters such as nitrate, phosphate and ammonia were observed in higher concentration that normal level directs towards phytoplankton bloom formation. Dissolved oxygen level below 4mg/l was observed which are lethal to aquatic fauna. Among the phytoplankton species, Cyanobacterial density dominated over other beneficial microalgae with a maximum cell density of 2.74×105cells/ml. Two species of Cyanobacteria such as Aphanocapsa sp and Microcystis sp constituted 60.91 and 33.98 per cent of total phytoplankton abundance in the study area. The fish mortality was probably caused either by oxygen deficiency or toxins secreted by Cyanobacteria or by combination of both.

To meet the ever-mounting demand of fresh fish in many NE States, an attempt was made on fish productivity enhancement through composite culture of self-recruiting small indigenous species Esomus danricus (Darkina) in earthen pond condition. The duration of study was eight months. Three treatments with replication of each treatment thrice were evaluated. Treatment-1 (T1) contained three Indian major carps (IMCs), i.e., Catla, Rohu and Mrigal (4:3:3), Treatment-2 (T2) contained IMCs with E. danricus (10000 numbers/ha) and Treatment-3 (T3) contained IMCs with E. danricus (5000 numbers/ha) and Amblypharyngodon mola (5000 numbers/ha). The stocking density of IMCs was 10000 fingerlings/ha. Floating feed (20-22% CP) was used @ 2-4% to feed the fish. The populations of E. danricus and A. mola were thinned at three months interval. Water quality parameters were assessed monthly and there was normal variation. The fish growth was also assessed monthly and there was 5.5per cent higher fish production in T2 and 1.1 per cent higher in T3 when
compared with T1. Fish productivity was reduced in T3 due to significant dietary overlap between the cohabiting species. The benefit-cost ratio was 4.5 per cent higher in T2. Thus, it was concluded there is potential of production and income enhancement through culture of E. danricus with IMCs at almost no extra cost.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands is gifted with freshwater resources in the form of Rivers and canals (115 KM),  reservoirs (1000 ha), tanks & ponds (3000 ha) etc. to meet the requirement of freshwater for agriculture,domestic and other uses. North and Middle Andaman district is considered to be the farmer’s home where large numbers of families opt to have small or larger ponds in their backyards for fish farming. However, fish productivity is lower as compared to national average. This is mainly due to application of inadequate uses of production factors in fish ponds. The present study aimed to critically analyze those factors that influence level of fish production in ponds between two important tehsils of the district. The study was conducted in Rangat and Mayabandar Tehsils of North and Middle Andaman district and primary data were collected using the pre-designed structured interview schedule. Results of the study showed that pond productivity was 1846 kg/ ha in Rangat which was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the fish productivity in Mayabandar (1131 kg/ha). Number of fish seed stocked was lower in Rangat, as compared to that of Mayabandar and the difference was found to be significant. The reason might be use of higher level of manure applications and feeding with locally available inputs, which was also significantly different. Other uses of ponds and distance of pond from home plays an important role in level of management and thereby productivity of culture ponds.

Fishing is an important as well as integral activity for livelihood of fisher-folk community of Sepahijala  district. In this study, an effort was made to document the traditional fishing wisdoms in terms of fishing boats and practices of Tripura. For the purpose, participatory rural appraisal (PRA) in three important fishing grounds namely Gumti river basin, Bijoy rivulet, and Rudrasagar lake was conducted. Group discussion, direct observation, filling of questionnaires with 30 fishermen through survey was made to document the details of traditional fishing boat and fish harvesting practices. Three basic types of traditional wooden boats/crafts viz.,Choto kusa, Bara Dingi and Saranga being were used during fish harvest. Most of the fishing boats were constructed using locally available wooden materials and fishing without gear, stupefying methods, poisoning, using spit and joined cast netting were also practiced.

The spatial assessment of the aquatic resources of a region is of immense support in understanding the range of land use patterns in framing strategies and developing action plans for fisheries improvement especially in hill locked districts of the Indian Himalayan Region. The basic morphometry of the aquatic resources of West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh in the Eastern Himalayas revealed that the river Kameng was the major river drainage system and flowed a distance of 118.36 km, having a combined length of 6683.93 km with stream frequency of seventh order. The upland lakes were 102 in numbers and covered an area of 306.62 ha situated within the altitude range of above 4000m MSL. The maximum numbers of upland lakes (94.11%) were within the 1-2 km of the nearest transport lines. Eight categories of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) were classified for the district where forest area covered (71.13%) of the total area followed with wasteland (19.53%), shifting cultivation (5.38%), human habitation (0.38%) agricultural land (0.31%), grassland, (0.07%) water bodies (0.88%) and snow area (2.31%). The slope class developed from DEM showed 25.06 per cent of the total geographic area fall under 0-20 degree slope class as compared to slope class 20-40 degree (56.28%) and the slope class above 40 degree covering 18.66 per cent area. The aquaculture suitability site of the district based on the altitude showed three crucial zones and was categorized as most suitable, moderate and least suitable with the slope classes.

A 60 d feeding trial was conducted to study the combined effect of fucoidan rich seaweed extract (FRSE) from Sargassum wightii and probiotic (Bacillus subtitlis) on growth and immune parameters of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Two hundred and ten fingerlings of uniform size group were distributed into seven experimental groups in triplicates. Each groups were fed to satiation with iso-nitrogenous (35% CP) and iso-caloric (396.3 kcal/100g) purified diets containing 0% FRSE and no probiotic (control), 2% FRSE (T1), 108
CFU g-1 probiotic (T2), 1% FRSE + 105 CFU g-1 probiotic (T3), 2% FRSE + 105 CFU g-1 probiotic (T4), 1% FRSE + 108 CFU g-1 probiotic (T5) and 2% FRSE + 108 CFU g-1 probiotic (T6). Higher weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and lower feed conversion ratio were recorded in T3, T5 and T6 groups. After feeding trial, the experimental fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and the best relative survival rate was observed in T6 group followed by T4 whereas, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio and haemoglobin content exhibited decreasing trend. SOD and catalase activity in liver and muscle were found significantly lower in the groups fed with fucoidan. Hence, both innate immunity and growth parameters can be enhanced using the combination of FRSE and probiotic in the diet of L. rohita.

Due to the non-availability of good quality fish seed of Indian Major Carps (IMCs), majority of fish farmers of district Saran, Bihar are bound to stock their ponds with either fry or poor quality fingerlings at higher densities procured from local or interstate vendors. Consequently, this results in poor growth, increased mortality rate and reduced fish production. An on-farm trial was conducted to assess the growth performance, total yield and economic analysis of carp fish culture/ seed rearing of different life stages in fresh water fish culture system in Saran district during September, 2019 to March, 2020 in 9 earthen ponds of area 0.1 ha and depth 1.5 m each at three farmers’ ponds at similar location. Treatments were designated as T1 – farmer’s practice (stocking of IMCs fry at the rate of 15000 no/ha), T2 – stocking of IMCs fingerling at the rate of 8000 no./ha) and the recommended practice T3
– stocking of IMCs yearlings at the rate of 4000 no./ha). All the treatments groups were fed @ 3% body weight with rice bran (RB) and mustard oil cake (MOC) in 1:1 ratio twice daily. Physicochemical parameters of water such as temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were found to be within optimum range for carps. The average fish production recorded in T3 treatment was higher, thus indicating a faster and better growth performance of fish yearlings compared to fry (T1 group) and fingerling stage (T2 group) of fish. Gross profit to the tune of Rs. 2.31, 5.31 and 5.93 lakh per hectare were recorded from rearing IMCs fry, fingerlings and yearlings stages, generating a net profit of Rs. 1.06, 3.06 and 3.98 lakh and a benefit-cost ratio of 1.85, 2.36 and 3.04, respectively.

Composite fish culture, a multi species fish culture technology has extensively been practicing by small  and marginal farmers throughout the country. Due to several biotic and abiotic reasons such as inbreeding, improper diet, environmental stress etc. farmers doesn’t get satisfactory growth of fishes. Despite of its delicacy, locally available Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) due to its bulging abdominal appearance fetches less customer demand. In the present study locally available Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Common Carp (Cyprinu scarpio) was replaced with improved variety of Jayanti Rohu and Amur Common Carp to evaluate the growth performance as well as the farm economics of the culture system. Three (3) different ponds of farmers of Kokrajhar districts of Assam were selected for the study. Advance fry of Jayanti Rohu and Amur Common Carp were supplied to them from certified seed vendor. In another fish pond locally available Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) was cultured along with other carps. Fishes were fed with rice polish and mustard oil cake @ 1:1 ratio along with 1per cent vitamin and mineral mixture. Water quality parameters were maintained and health monitoring was practiced by trial netting in every fortnight. The culture practice was repeated for two years. Jayanti Rohu and Amur Common Carp showed a significant higher growth as compared to locally available Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Common Carp (Cyprinuscarpio) in each farmers’ pond. Jayanti Rohu and Amur Common Carp also fetched a high market price.

Ichthyofaunal diversity was studied for creek situated in Raigad district of Maharashtra, one of the important district for state in terms of fisheries. In this, creek fishing is mainly done with traditional  crafts and gear by Koiliwada community. Total 36 species of fishes belonging to 18 families and 8 orders were recorded of which 2 were Chondrichthyes and 34 species were Osteichthyes. Relatively more diversity in post-monsoon (29 species) seasons than pre-monsoon (20 species) was observed with in monsoon (18 species). Large numbers of juveniles were recorded which could be not identified by traditional method of taxonomy due to their small size. Abundance of fish larvae in the creek show the preference of creek as nursery ground.

The study was carried out to analyze incomegeneration by adopting integrated fish-cum-duckfarming at  farmers’ field for three consecutive years, 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19.. The trials were conducted in 4 villages of Kamrup District of Assam namely Manikpur, Rajkhowapara, Kukurmara, and Bichennella. The economics of the integrated farming system as well as farmer’s practice has been worked out and it has been  found that gross profit to the tune of Rs. 5.69 lakh/ha and Rs. 2.39 lakh/ha were recorded from integrated fish cum duck farming and traditional fish farming practice with a net profit of Rs. 3.1 lakh/ha and Rs. 1.54 lakh/ha respectively. This gave an average benefit-cost ratio of 2.19 in integrated fish-cum-duckfarming and 1.83 in traditional fish culture practice. The study has revealed that the adoption of integrated fish cum duck farming provides additional net income of Rs. 1.56 lakhs/ha of water area over the traditional fish farming system. Additionally, the consumption of fish, duck meat and duck eggs add to food quality and livelihood security of the resource-poor family. The study has concluded that the integrated fish cum duck farming system could tackle the issues of sustainability, livelihood security and income generation effectively.

The tribal villages of Buttaigudem and Polavaram Mandal of West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh culture semi intensive carp polyculture of species of Indian major carp (IMC) i.e. Catla catla (catla), Labeo rohita (rohu) and Cirrhinus mrigala (mrigal) together with the exotic carps (EC) Ctenopharyngodon idella (Chinese grass carp) and Cyprinus carpio (common carp) in ponds. The underutilized water bodies for improving their livelihood of tribal people were chosen for this activity. Scientific management practices were adopted for improving productivity. Organic manures were used for enrichment of natural plankton. In addition to this, artificial pelleted feed was also used to meet the feed demand of the fish. The yield of the pond varied from 950 kg per pond to 2560 kg per pond and this reflects in the gross income generation as about Rs. 1,14,000.00 to 3,07,200.00 with the average price of Rs. 120.00 per kg. The fish yield of the pond varied with the extent of area and management practices followed. This indicated the suitability of the semi intensive carp polyculture practiced through adoption of technology and can improve the livelihood and socio-economic status of the tribal people.

Punjab is successfully moving towards ‘Blue revolution’, and has recorded a commendable progress in the fish farming.The inland saline areas of Punjab, Haryana and other states (previously considered as wastelands) have recently emerged as attractive destinations for Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp farming due to its high export potential and low salinity tolerance. A farmer S. Harminder Singh from Village Korvala, Mansa district of Punjab was motivated by College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary  and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana to take up shrimp farming in his salt affected land. He was trained at individual level to take up shrimp farming. A pond of 2.5 acres area was stocked
at the density of 50 post larvae (PL)/m2 . Regular water quality and health monitoring was done by the scientists from GADVASU besides time to time onsite visits for technical guidance. The farmer harvested a bumper crop of 8.36 tonnes from an area of 2.5 acres (market value 23.5 lakh), against an operating cost of Rs 15.5 lakhs in a culture period of 140 days, thus resulting in a net profit of Rs 8.00 lakhs/ha. The shrimp harvested had an average weight of 25±2 grams with an FCR of 1.25. The said success is attracting many farmers of the area to undertake shrimp farming, so it is recommended to strictly follow ‘Best Management Practices (BMPs), besides procuring seed from Coastal Aquaculture Authority (CAA) approved hatcheries with pathogen screening certificates. Strict adherence to BMPs and bio-security protocols is a way forward towards development of sustainable shrimp farming in Punjab.

Bellandur lake is considered to be the largest water body in Bengaluru city with catchment area of 287sqm  and water storing capacity of 17.66 million cubic feet. Water quality of this lake has been a major issue for a long time with foam appearance and accidental burning of the same has become national news in recent times. Eleven parameters from three different location of the lake were monitored from March, 2014 to December, 2017. Majority of the physico- chemical parameters were beyond the optimal range for surface waters and biological parameters also above the desirable limits. Heavy metals concentrations were also high with major source from untreated sewage, industrial effluents, solid waste etc.  Dissolved oxygen was nil in many seasons at various location with high BOD concentrations indicated that this lake was containing copious amount of organic load which was utilizing dissolved oxygen for decomposition by microbes and making the water body anaerobic at times. There is a need for proper management measure to rejuvenate this water body by stopping all the illegal entry of pollutants.

Impact of fisheries technology intervention by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), South Tripura was assessed in terms of fish productivity and profitability in the intervened villages of the district. The study prepared the model of ‘Difference in differences’ (DiD) estimator in a regression framework to estimate the changes in dependent variables. Non-random longitudinal data collected from 68 farmers (categorized as beneficiary:33 nos. and non-beneficiary: 35 nos.) were used to estimate the DiD model for both fish productivity and profitability within the time passage of 2014 to 2018. Regression model framework estimated the non-standardized DiD coefficients as 124 and 5460 for productivity and profitability model respectively. It implies that the expected mean change in the fish production and profitability of beneficiary farmers (treatment group) was 124 kg/ acre/ yr and Rs. 5460 per acre/ year respectively due to technological intervention over the mentioned time passage after due consideration towards the same among nonbeneficiary farmers (control group). Overall, the study concluded a positive impact of fisheries technology intervention of KVK, south Tripura on fish productivity and profitability in the district during 2014 to 2018.

The study has assessed the income distribution pattern across fisheries households involved in capture  fishery in the state of Tripura. The study is based on the responses of 90 fishers involved in capture fishery and 140 households involved other fisheries activities. The study revealed that the fishers involved in capture fishery, improved equitable distribution of income across the fishers than households involved in other fishery related activities. The study has suggested proper management of capture fishery will lead to more income to the fishers and also will help to bring more equal distribution of income.

Asian striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) is considered one of the major food fish with huge potential for vertical and horizontal development of aquaculture sector in India. Present study was conducted in a farmer’s participatory mode, as off campus trial, with the major objectives to disseminate the breeding and seed rearing technology of Pangas catfish. For the said purpose, 4 yr+ brood stock, reared by GADVASU after 4 yr of over wintering under poly house condition, was provided to the farmers. The fish was induced to breed using carp pituitary gland as an inducing agent. Pituitary hormone extract in female was administered intramuscularly @ 2.5 – 3.0 mg/kg body weight (BW) as priming dose and after 6 hr second resolving dose @10-12 mg/kg BW was injected. While male was injected with pituitary hormone @ 2.5 – 3.0 mg/kg BW at the time of second injection to the female. After 12-17 hr, of hormone injection, female and male were striped for external fertilization through dry method. Relative fecundity ranged between 0.80-0.95 lakh eggs/kg BW, while fertilization and hatching rate ranged between 75-85 and 55–65 per cent, respectively, with fry recovery rate of 18-20 per cent after 15 d of nursery rearing. The said breakthrough could solve the problem of non- availability of Pangas catfish seed in North Indian states and motivate the farmers to adopt the Pangas culture on large scale with locally available seed.

An experiment was conducted with the objective of developing a suitable strategy of low cost integrated  fish cum pig farming system. The research study was carried out at the fish farm of College of Fisheries, Raha, Assam to evaluate the productivity of fish cum pig integration. Among the treatment tanks, maximum fish yield was reported in treatment TP2with the recorded value of 3034.76 kg in pond size of 0.50 ha compared to treatment TP1 (2795.59 kg) and TP3 (2939.30 kg). Among fish species, highest growth rate was recorded for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with a total harvested weight of 1142.40 kg followed by silver carp (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix) which attained 694.40kg of harvested weight among
all the treatment ponds. The live weight among the pigs were reported to be highest in the Hamshire × Doom Pig (H-D) cross with a total meat production of 2047 kg. Integrating fishes with pig resulted in significant higher annual cash flow thus increasing yield, income and diversified food production.

Pampus argenteus plays a vital role in the aquatic ecosystem. It forms a major share in pomfret fishery along the Indian coast. Caudal fin deformities are commonly observed in pomfret that might have been caused due to predation but saddle back syndrome (SBS) in fishes are rarely observed. An abnormal specimen of P. argenteus was recorded with saddle back syndrome along with lateral line deformity from North-West coast of India, where it forms a major fishery. It was characterised by a depression in the dorsal fin and lacking 10th-16th dorsal fin rays.

The present study was undertaken to find out the incidence of different disease in the freshwater aquaculture system in three districts viz., Nagaon, Morigaon and Sonitpur of Assam. A total of 293 ponds of varying size were surveyed during the disease outbreak cases and fourteen different diseases were recorded with the highest intensity of ulcerative disease (28.01%) followed by red spot/haemorrhages (18.82%). The prevalence percentage recorded in the 3 districts on monthly basis were 18.84, 14.10, 2.70, 2.51, 2.93, 27.90, 3.27, 2.55, 2.14, 1.54, 1.62, 1.99, 5.60 and 2.25 per cent for red spot/haemorrhage, tail rot/fin rot, dropsy, popeye, gill rot, ulceration, scale erosion, anal protrusion, pinhead, lordosis/ scoliosis, argulosis,protozoan infection, cotton wool disease and ventral reddening, respectively. Month-wise prevalence of disease recorded in the district during study revealed that highest incidence of disease was recorded in the month of January (24.93%) followed by December (23.02%) and February (18.39%). Species wise prevalence of disease revealed that Mrigal was the most susceptible species with incidence of 54.44% followed by Catla (43.33%), Rohu (41.11%), Silver carp (38.89%) Puntius (33.33%), Common carp (28.89%), Gonius (27.78%), Bata (26.67%), Reba (19.99%), both Grass carp and L. calbasu (13.33%). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there was marginal significant difference in districts
with respect to diseases occurrence (P=0.051) which indicated an almost uniform pattern of incidence of diseases. However, the affected species of fishes were highly significant (p<0.01) from each other.

Shidal is a popular and widely consumed fermented fish product especially in North-Eastern part of India. Fermented fish products are liable to get contaminated with various human health hazards, biological as well as chemical during handling and marketing. Use of improper packaging material could cause unintentional adulteration of shidal which can lead to deterioration of shidal quality. Therefore, this study was aimed at identification of appropriate packaging material which is significant for food safety and hygienic marketing of shidal. The study was conducted at ambient conditions with three packaging materials such as retort pouch, polyester-polyethylene laminate and polyethylene pouch, respectively against a control. Quality indices such as pH, water activity (aw ), Free fatty acids (FFA), Peroxide value (PV), Total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were analyzed. On 90th day of study, pH, aw and microbial load in shidal packed with retort pouch was recorded as 6.05, 0.85 and 6.08 log cfu/g, respectively. The results demonstrated that retort pouch could be considered as the appropriate packaging material for shidal due to its ability to preserve desirable biochemical and microbial qualities of shidal to a better extend as compared to other two packaging materials.

The present study was undertaken to identify the constraints faced by the fish farmers in adopting scientific fish farming in the state of Manipur. The study was conducted at four (04) valley district of Manipur namely, Imphal East, Imphal West, Bishnupur and Thoubal district which comprised of major fish farm of the state. The main constraints identified were lack of knowledge about scientific fish culture, lack of awareness and training programme, technology not suitable with existing environment and difficult to identify quality fish seed. The other constraints identified were non-availability of seeds in time, shortage of labour, inadequate financial institution and poor transportation facilities with a quotient value of 81.50, 73.4, 63.90 and 60.50, respectively. Moreover, economic constraints observed were non availability of credit, lack of financial support, insufficient marketing facilities, high cost of inputs, high wages & labour cost and inappropriate use of available resources with a quotient value of 97.80, 91.40, 79.60, 78.40, 55.10 and 54.60, respectively

The present study was undertaken to identify the constraints faced by the fish farmers in adopting scientific fish farming in the state of Manipur. The study was conducted at four (04) valley district of Manipur namely, Imphal East, Imphal West, Bishnupur and Thoubal district which comprised of major fish farm of the state. The main constraints identified were lack of knowledge about scientific fish culture, lack of awareness and training programme, technology not suitable with existing environment and difficult to identify quality fish seed. The other constraints identified were non-availability of seeds in time, shortage of labour, inadequate financial institution and poor transportation facilities with a quotient value of 81.50, 73.4, 63.90 and 60.50, respectively. Moreover, economic constraints observed were non availability of credit, lack of financial support, insufficient marketing facilities, high cost of inputs, high wages & labour cost and inappropriate use of available resources with a quotient value of 97.80, 91.40, 79.60, 78.40, 55.10 and 54.60, respectively

The present study was undertaken to identify the constraints faced by the fish farmers in adopting scientific fish farming in the state of Manipur. The study was conducted at four (04) valley district of Manipur namely, Imphal East, Imphal West, Bishnupur and Thoubal district which comprised of major fish farm of the state. The main constraints identified were lack of knowledge about scientific fish culture, lack of awareness and training programme, technology not suitable with existing environment and difficult to identify quality fish seed. The other constraints identified were non-availability of seeds in time, shortage of labour, inadequate financial institution and poor transportation facilities with a quotient value of 81.50, 73.4, 63.90 and 60.50, respectively. Moreover, economic constraints observed were non availability of credit, lack of financial support, insufficient marketing facilities, high cost of inputs, high wages & labour cost and inappropriate use of available resources with a quotient value of 97.80, 91.40, 79.60, 78.40, 55.10 and 54.60, respectively

The present study was performed for evaluating the growth and production performance of Indian and Vietnamese strain of Koi (Anabas testudineus) in the rectangular cemented tank of size (10 ft X 6 ft) in the experimental farm of Livestock Research Station, Hekera, Mondira, Assam Agricultural University, Assam for the period of four months during, 2018. There were two treatments each with three replications. Three tanks each under treatment-1 (T1)and treatment-2 (T2) were stocked@ 200 number/ tank with Indian strain of climbing perch fry of (0.60±000) g andVietnamese strain of climbing perchfry bearing weight of (0.59±001) g, respectively. Fish were fed with commercial pellet feed named “Abis” two times in a day @ of 60% (1st month), 25% (2nd month),10% (3rd Month) and 5% (4thmonth) of their body weight in all treatments. The mean FCR value of T1 (Indian Koi) and T2 (Vietnamese Koi) were obtained 1.49±0.01 and 1.29±0.00, respectively. The water quality parameters of tank water monitored monthly were within acceptable range for fish culture. The lowest SGR (%) value (2.91±0.000) was recorded in T1 and the highest (6.09±0.003) in T2. The survival rates were 85.33±0.88 and 90.67±1.45 for T1 and T2, respectively.The mean harvesting weight of treatment2 was significantly higher than treatment1. After four months of rearing, the highest fish production of 53.56kg/0.002ha was obtained from Vietnamese strain of Koi in (T1) followed by17.75kg/0.002ha from Indian strain of climbing perchin (T2), respectively. The highest benefit or net return for T2 was Rs 4350/-0.002 ha and BCR of 1.68 followed by Rs. 1153/0.002hain T1 with BCR value of 1.35.The results demonstrated that the higher mean growth and production were observed in Vietnamese strain (T2) than Indian strain (T1) of climbing perch

Multilocational trials to study the growth performance of Amur common carp, Cyprinus carpio in  East Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh were conducted for a period of 12 month. Amur common carp showed 20 per cent faster growth than the existing stock of common carp in polyculture system with three Indian major carps viz., Rohu (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla), Mrigala (Cirrhinus mrigala) and two Chinese carps viz., Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Supplementary feeding of oil cake and rice bran with a mixing ratio of 1:1 was done. The pooled up average growth of the Amur common carp and locally available common carp from the experimental locations were recorded as 543.3g and 451.6g, respectively. Moreover 5.2 per cent higher slaughter value was observed in Amur carp as compared to locally available stock.

The study was carried out to assess the economics of production of fish fingerling, advanced fingerling and yearling by raising fish spawn for three successive years. The investigation was based on the data collected from 4 villages of Kamrup District, Assam namely Manikpur, Rajkhowapara (Bezera), Kukurmara, and Bichennella (Rangia) which is geographically located between 25046’ and 26049’ North latitudes and between 90048’ and 91050’’ East longitudes. The study concluded that the fish seed rearing and farming was profitable venture for the locality. Since the input costs and labor costs were increasing significantly,one must know the availability resources, capital and the projected profit before starting of the fish seed rearing practice. One way to produce early season advanced fingerlings was to grow them in perennial ponds and store them at high density with minimal feeding for the coming year. When such “stunted fingerlings” were stocked into ponds with good feed they grow fast and can be marketed in about 6-8 m.

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Udalguri, Assam Agricultural University carried out an experiment on modification over traditional solar tent dryer for better drying and lesser the infestation of flies using the fishPuntius sophore during September – October, 2019 in Chanbari and Jhargaon village under Bhergaon and Rowta Agricultural  evelopmental Block of Udalguri District, Assam. The fishes were dried experimentally under modified solar tent dryer and same species of fish were dried traditional solar tent dryer. Organoleptic evaluations showed no physical damage, no discolouration and no insect infestation of fishes under modified solar tent dryer but in case of traditional solar tent dryer insect infestation were observed. The study reveals that the modified solar tent dried fish products are hygienic compared to that of traditional solar tent dryer dried products of same species.

The present study focused on replacement of Artemia nauplii using nematodes (P. redivivus) during early larval stages (Mysis 3) of Indian White Shrimp (P. indicus). P. redivivus survive wide range of salinity (0 to 60ppt) and can be cultured in mass scale using dry yeast attain a maximum density of 1.26lakh/ml with a size range from 341 to 1693µm within 2 d of culture period makes them suitable live feed during shrimp larval rearing. Experiment was conducted in 20L plastic tubs using P. indicus larvae (Mysis 3) stocked at a density of 100 numbers. Artemia nauplii (AN) and P. redivivus (PR) fed thrice in a day at the rate of 10 numbers/larvae as monospecific and mixed diet combination (ratio of 1:1, 3:1 and 1:3). A significant difference in survival was observed in the treatment fed with Artemia nauplii and combination of AN+ PR (1:1 and 3:1) compared to other treatments. Maximum survival was obtained in the treatment fed with Artemia nauplii alone (75±1.2%) followed by combination of AN+ PR, 3:1 (73.3±0.9%) and AN+PR, 1:1 (70±1.7). Overall results suggest that P. redivivus can be effectively used along with Artemia nauplii upto 50 per cent during early larval stage of P. indicus to reduce the cost of production.

Aquaculture is one of the fast-growing and important food-producing sectors in India. In contrast to the aquaculture production, a silent factor that threatens the productivity is diseases and its impact. In comparison with infectious diseases, low attention is drawn in the case of non-infectious diseases. Several behavioral abnormalities are unobserved at field level due to their low prevalence and economic losses. Non-infectious diseases are mainly caused due to improper management practices in a culture. The current study was based on field observations of fish tanks cultured with three species Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Pangus (Pangasius sp.). In this case report, a peculiar sign of morbid fishes with excessive production of mucus in an abnormal fashion without symptom was observed. Nutrient-rich poultry manure was used as a feed and manure for the development of natural  feed in fish culture tanks was believed to be the cause of concern. High mortalities were noticed in Catla population in the polycultural tanks. Finally, fishes were recovered after the treatment with lime and limiting the use of poultry litter.

Present investigation was carried out in the four regions of Uttar Pradesh to assess the socio-economic status of fish farmers. Following stratified random sampling method, a district was selected from each region and 159 farmers were randomly selected for age, education, caste, household amenities, social participation, employment, income levels from fish farming and other farm and nonfarm activities of Uttar Pradesh. A novel tool called as socio-economic status (SES) index that measures social and economic aspects was developed and utilized. The study revealed that majority of the fish farmers (79.2%) were falling under medium SES of whom nearly two-third had the score above 6. Majority of fish farmers were in  iddle age group, education up to middle level, bigger family size, with income level varied between 1 to 2 lakh, having smaller land holding with an average pond size of 0.55 ha. Total household income of respondents was not significantly varying across the 4 districts. Majority of the respondents had better housing facilities, had a medium level of social participation and interestingly farmers having higher degree of social participation were more accessible to the public services. However, it was also observed that about 30 per cent of
population did not have proper sanitation facility which was not hygienic for a densely populated state. Inspite of increased supply of LPG, nearly 70 per cent of population still using firewood for cooking purpose.

Labeo rohita forms the most prestigious culturable fishery with highly preferred by consumers in India and Bangladesh. The fish samples of L. rohita were collected monthly during September 2018 to August 2019 in the Ganga River at Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. The age composition varied from 0+ to 11+ yr. This result demonstrated that the peak of length attained in 1st year of L. rohita life and their growth increment was 34.6 cm and moderate in the subsequent years. The minimum growth increment was observed in 11th year of the life with 0.7 cm. The growth increments in L. rohita was recorded as 18.6 cm, 13.9 cm, 9.5 cm, 6.2 cm, 4.0  cm, 3.7 cm, 2.3 cm, 1.9 cm and 1.8 cm for 2+ to 10+ age classes, respectively. The slow growth increment was observed in second year of the life cycle. L. rohita is fully matured in second year of the life cycle

Fisheries sector in north eastern State, Tripura is in a transitional phase to establish the sector into an ‘incomegenerating enterprise’ due to high demand of fish. This paper aimed at analysing present status and future prospects of fisheries in the southern district of the State with an objective to originate out some strategic options for overall development. Study found that culture fisheries practiced in small sized pond and minibarrages across the district is the mainstay of fisheries development and area under culture fisheries is 3436
ha (97.75 % of total district water resources) which contributing more than 99 per cent (35,152 MT) to the total fish production in the district during2017–18.CompoundingAnnual Growth Rate (CAGR) for culture fisheries resources, fish production from culture fisheries and fish productivity of culture fisheries was observed to be 2.420, 4.528 and 1.802 respectively. Projections using the linear pattern of logarithmic time series data showed that the district would able to produce 11696 MT fish with a fish productivity of 2893 kg
per ha per year, while availing 118 MT fish from outside the district by 2025 indicating a deficit of 4000 MT from present (2017-18) level of fish production. Present per capita annual fish consumption is higher than the ICMR recommendations. Study also attempted to discuss multiple technical and managerial aspects which are required to be considered while formulating strategic options for fisheries development in South Tripura district.

‘Ngari’is a delicious and familiar fermented fish product, a native of Manipur, prepared from unsalted sun-dried fish.The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the suitability of Pangasius hypophthalmus as a raw material for the preparation of ngari-like product. During the study, the dried pangasius steaks were packed in oil conditioned earthen pot and allowed to ferment for 6 months. The quality of fermented Pangasius was analysed and the quality parameters evaluated were- the changes in proximate composition, physicochemical parameters [total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), peroxide value (PV), free fatty acid (FFA), pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)], total viable count (TVC) and sensory evaluation. It was observed that not much variation was observed in proximate composition. The biochemical parameters namely TVBN, PV and FFA were increased after fermentation. Similarly,TVC and sensory scores reportedly increased after fermentation. The results indicate that Pangasius can be used as a suitable raw material for the preparation of ngari-like product.

Arunachal Pradesh is gifted with vast fisheries resources harbouring great ichthyofauna diversity. The Galo tribe of West Siang district of the state have been practiced different types of fishing methods using various fishing gears since generations. The present study was undertaken to collect and document the relevant information on the traditional knowledge related to fishing gears and methods adopted by the fisher folk of Galo tribe in the district. For this purpose, systematic survey was conducted and the information was collected by personal interview and interaction with the fishers covering four villages including Karga, Kamki, Kato and Nomuk of the district. The study indicated that various types of local indigenous fishing gears have been used by the fishers for catching fish which are prepared from the locally available materials by applying indigenous ideas and skills for the purpose of fishing. The indigenous traditional fishing gears and methods of fishing of West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh are being developed by the Galo tribe of the district.

A field study on use of ichthyo toxic plant for eco friendly fishing by the local people of Sikkim was conducted in the East District of Sikkim. Sikkim state is mainly inhabited by Lepcha tribes, Bhutia tribes and Nepali people. They use their indigenous knowledge of different ethnic plants for catching fishes easily. In the survey for collecting information structured questionnaire and informal interviews with the local people was done. During fishing operation 4-6 people use to make a group for collection of plants, preparation of plant paste by crushing and thereby putting the prepared paste in the holes between rock beds of the river. Employing this method the fisher folk are able to catch 2-10 kg of fish per fishing operation in a day depending upon the availability of fishes in the river.  The fishing through this technique is suitable during the winter season from September to March.

Vaccination is considered as a sustainable strategy for disease prevention in aquaculture and further mucosal vaccines are the need of the hour which brings about local immune response and hence enhanced immunity. Oral vaccination is the preferred method but its efficacy depends on its appropriate delivery. In this study the effect of biofilm oral vaccine on gut immunity (mucosal immunity) was evaluated in comparison with serum antibody titre and protection upon challenge. In catla vaccinated with biofilm the serum antibody (OD) increased gradually, compared to the control reaching highest on 30dpv. A similar trend was observed in mucus antibody of catla vaccinated with biofilm compared with that of control. However,antibody concentration (OD) in mucus was almost 50per cent compared to that of serum. In unvaccinated control group survival was only 20 per cent compared to 86.66 per cent with biofilm vaccinated group.

The present study was conducted on one hundred and forty six participants with an aim to determine the effectiveness of fish farming vocational training programs on knowledge gain by rural youth, farmers and farm women. The data revealed that just after completion of training, the majority of participants were having high level of knowledge (84.93%) regarding fish farming followed by 15.07% respondents having medium level of knowledge. The results clearly indicated that vocational training on fish farming was effective in enhancing the knowledge of trainees. Therefore, it can be interpreted that more number of such training programs may be organized which will be beneficial to both rural and urban participants in particular and farming community in general